Chemistry

熵, 热力学无序

When ice melts into water at a higher temperature, the entropy of the system increases.

当冰在较高温度下融化成水时，系统的熵增加。

溶质, 溶解物质

In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent.

在盐水中，盐（NaCl）是溶解在水（溶剂）中的溶质。

反应物

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are the reactants that, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).

在光合作用中，二氧化碳（CO₂）和水（H₂O）是在阳光存在下产生葡萄糖（C₆H₁₂O₆）和氧气（O₂）的反应物。

催化剂, 活化剂

Enzymes are naturally occurring biological catalysts that allow complex metabolic reactions to proceed efficiently in living cells.

酶是天然存在的生物催化剂，可使复杂的代谢反应在活细胞中高效进行。

催化, 催化加速

Enzymatic catalysis plays a key role in biological processes, including the synthesis and breakdown of biomolecules in living organisms.

酶催化在生物过程中起着关键作用，包括生物体内生物分子的合成和分解。

共价键, 电子共享键

Covalent bonds are like atoms sharing electron hugs to stick together.

共价键就像原子共享电子拥抱以粘在一起。

异构体, 异构化合物

Propanol and isopropanol are isomers, sharing the same molecular formula but differing in the arrangement of their atoms.

丙醇和异丙醇是异构体，具有相同的分子式，但原子的排列不同。

聚合物, 大分子

Polyethylene is a common polymer used in the production of plastic bags, bottles, and various packaging materials.

聚合物是一种常见的聚合物，用于生产塑料袋、瓶子和各种包装材料。

单体, 单体分子

Ethylene is a monomer that polymerizes to form polyethylene, a widely used plastic.

乙烯是一种单体，可以聚合成广泛使用的塑料聚乙烯。

碳氢化合物, 氢和碳的化合物

Methane (CH₄) is the simplest hydrocarbon, belonging to the alkane group.

甲烷（CH₄）是最简单的烃，属于烷烃组。

酯, 化学酯

Ethyl acetate, an ester, is commonly used as a solvent in nail polish removers.

乙酸乙酯，一种酯，通常用作指甲油去除剂中的溶剂。

醛, 羰基化合物

Acetaldehyde is an aldehyde with a fruity odor, often used in the synthesis of chemicals.

醛是一种具有果香的醛，常用于化学合成。

酒精

The legal drinking age for purchasing alcohol in many countries is 21.

在许多国家，购买酒精饮料的法定饮酒年龄是21岁。

酮, 羰基化合物

Acetone is a common ketone widely used as a solvent and nail polish remover.

丙酮是一种常见的酮，广泛用作溶剂和指甲油去除剂。

氧化还原, 氧化还原反应

The combustion of wood is an oxidation-reduction reaction where wood undergoes oxidation, producing carbon dioxide and water.

木材的燃烧是一种氧化还原反应，其中木材经历氧化，产生二氧化碳和水。

摩尔浓度, 摩尔浓度

A solution with a molarity of 0.5 M means there are 0.5 moles of solute in each liter of the solution.

摩尔浓度为0.5 M的溶液意味着每升溶液中有0.5摩尔的溶质。

电解质, 电解物质

Sodium chloride (NaCl) is a common electrolyte that dissociates into sodium ions (Na⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻) in solution.

氯化钠（NaCl）是一种常见的电解质，在溶液中解离成钠离子（Na⁺）和氯离子（Cl⁻）。

胶体, 胶态分散体

Fog consists of small water droplets dispersed in the air, forming a colloid.

雾由分散在空气中的小水滴组成，形成胶体。

腐蚀

The pipes in the old house were heavily damaged by corrosion, resulting in leaks throughout the plumbing system.

老房子里的管道因腐蚀而严重损坏，导致整个管道系统漏水。

Sodium hydroxide is a strong alkali commonly used in soap making.

Ammonia has a strong, sharp odor that can irritate the eyes and throat.

合金, 混合

The metallurgist alloyed copper and zinc to produce brass, a durable and corrosion-resistant material.

冶金学家将铜和锌合金化以生产黄铜，一种耐用且耐腐蚀的材料。

卤素, 卤族元素

Chlorine is a halogen commonly used in water treatment for its disinfectant properties.

氯是一种卤素，因其消毒特性而常用于水处理。

同位素, 同位素形式

Carbon-12 and carbon-14 are isotopes of carbon, with the former having 6 neutrons and the latter having 8 neutrons.

碳12和碳14是碳的同位素，前者有6个中子，后者有8个中子。

惰性气体, 稀有气体

Helium, a noble gas, is known for its low density and is often used in balloons to make them float.

氦气是一种惰性气体，以其低密度而闻名，常用于气球中使其漂浮。

乳状液, 两种液体的混合物

Mayonnaise is an example of an emulsion, with oil and vinegar forming a stable mixture through the addition of egg yolk as an emulsifying agent.

蛋黄酱是乳液的一个例子，通过添加蛋黄作为乳化剂，油和醋形成稳定的混合物。

半衰期, 半寿期

The half-life of a radioactive isotope determines the time it takes for half of the initial amount to decay into a stable product.

放射性同位素的半衰期决定了初始量的一半衰变成稳定产物所需的时间。

贫铀, depleted uranium

Depleted uranium is a byproduct of the uranium enrichment process used in nuclear reactors.

贫铀是核反应堆中使用的铀浓缩过程的副产品。

溶剂, 溶媒

Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes.

乙醇通常用作溶剂溶解油和香水精华，用于生产须后水和古龙水。

费用, 价格

The hotel room charge included breakfast and Wi-Fi access.

酒店房间的费用包括早餐和Wi-Fi接入。

燃烧, 燃烧过程

The combustion of wood in the fireplace provided warmth and a cozy atmosphere in the living room.

壁炉中木材的燃烧为客厅提供了温暖和舒适的氛围。