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二元论, 二元论学说
the belief that reality consists of two fundamental and opposing components, such as mind and body or good and evil
- Cartesian dualism, proposed by René Descartes, posits a separation between the mind and the body as two distinct substances.
笛卡尔二元论，由勒内·笛卡尔提出，认为心灵和身体是两种不同的物质。
- Substance dualism holds that the mind and body are composed of different fundamental substances, such as mental and physical substances.
实体二元论认为心灵和身体由不同的基本实体组成，如精神和物质实体。
- Epistemological dualism asserts a fundamental distinction between the realms of knowledge, separating subjective experiences from objective reality.
认识论的二元论断言知识领域之间存在根本区别，将主观经验与客观现实分开。
- Dualism in ethics may involve the recognition of two distinct moral principles or systems, such as deontological and consequentialist ethics.
伦理学中的二元论可能涉及对两种不同道德原则或体系的承认，如义务论和后果论伦理学。
- Gender dualism explores the binary classification of gender roles and identities into male and female categories.
性别二元论探讨了将性别角色和身份分为男性和女性类别的二元分类。