Chemical Substances and Properties

催化剂, 活化剂

Enzymes are naturally occurring biological catalysts that allow complex metabolic reactions to proceed efficiently in living cells.

酶是天然存在的生物催化剂，可使复杂的代谢反应在活细胞中高效进行。

爱好者, 专家

She's a real history buff and can recite dates from memory.

她是一个真正的历史爱好者，可以从记忆中背诵日期。

反应物

In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O) are the reactants that, in the presence of sunlight, produce glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and oxygen (O₂).

在光合作用中，二氧化碳（CO₂）和水（H₂O）是在阳光存在下产生葡萄糖（C₆H₁₂O₆）和氧气（O₂）的反应物。

试剂

The chemist carefully measured the reagent before adding it to the reaction flask.

化学家在将试剂加入反应瓶之前仔细测量了它。

惰性气体, 稀有气体

Helium, a noble gas, is known for its low density and is often used in balloons to make them float.

氦气是一种惰性气体，以其低密度而闻名，常用于气球中使其漂浮。

惰性气体, 稀有气体

Inert gases like helium and argon are commonly used in welding to shield the molten metal from reacting with oxygen in the air.

惰性气体如氦气和氩气通常用于焊接，以保护熔融金属不与空气中的氧气反应。

卤素, 卤族元素

Chlorine is a halogen commonly used in water treatment for its disinfectant properties.

氯是一种卤素，因其消毒特性而常用于水处理。

聚乙烯, 塑料

Supermarket shopping bags are often made of polythene material.

超市购物袋通常由聚乙烯材料制成。

聚苯乙烯, 泡沫聚苯乙烯

The food industry favors polystyrene containers for their excellent insulation and cost-effectiveness.

食品行业青睐聚苯乙烯容器，因为它们具有优异的绝缘性和成本效益。

含磷的, 磷的

Plants require phosphorous for healthy growth and development.

植物需要磷来健康生长和发育。

丙酮, 二甲酮

藻酸盐, 从褐藻中提取的天然多糖

硅酸盐, 硅化合物

Quartz is a common silicate mineral found in many types of rocks.

石英是一种常见的硅酸盐矿物，存在于多种类型的岩石中。

石墨烯, 以二维蜂窝状晶格排列的单层碳原子

苹果酸

柠檬酸, 枸橼酸

Lemon juice contains citric acid, giving it its characteristic tart flavor.

柠檬汁含有柠檬酸，赋予其特有的酸味。

磷酸盐, 含有磷和氧原子的化合物，常见于磷酸的盐或酯中，对生物过程和工业应用很重要

Plants absorb phosphates from the soil to promote healthy root development and flower formation.

植物从土壤中吸收磷酸盐以促进健康的根系发育和花朵形成。

粲夸克, 魅夸克

Physicists at the Large Hadron Collider study collisions to observe the behavior of charm quarks in high-energy experiments.

大型强子对撞机的物理学家研究碰撞以观察高能实验中粲夸克的行为。

消毒剂, 杀菌剂

碳酸氢盐, 重碳酸盐

Baking soda contains bicarbonate, which helps baked goods rise when mixed with acidic ingredients.

小苏打含有碳酸氢盐，当与酸性成分混合时，有助于烘焙食品膨胀。

溶质, 溶解物质

In saltwater, salt (NaCl) is the solute that dissolves in water, the solvent.

在盐水中，盐（NaCl）是溶解在水（溶剂）中的溶质。

饱和, 浸透

After the rain, the soil became saturated with water, making it difficult for additional rainfall to be absorbed.

雨后，土壤被水饱和，使得额外的降雨难以被吸收。

空灵的, 天国的

The ethereal music of the flute floated through the room, creating a sense of calm.

长笛的空灵音乐在房间里飘荡，营造出一种平静的感觉。

无机的

Sodium chloride (table salt) is an inorganic compound widely used in cooking and food preservation.

氯化钠（食盐）是一种无机化合物，广泛用于烹饪和食品保存。

溶剂, 溶媒

Ethanol is commonly used as a solvent to dissolve oils and perfume essences for the production of aftershaves and colognes.

乙醇通常用作溶剂溶解油和香水精华，用于生产须后水和古龙水。

碱性的

Soap is often alkaline, making it effective for cleaning grease and oils.

肥皂通常是碱性的，这使得它在清洁油脂和油污方面非常有效。

生理盐水, 生理溶液