sub
stra
tum
复数形式
substrata
1
底层语言, 语言影响
the linguistic influence of a less prestigious language on a dominant language in contact, resulting in the adoption or transfer of phonological, morphological, syntactic, or lexical features
In linguistics, a substratum refers to the influence of a language that is no longer spoken but has left its mark on a later language due to contact between speakers. This often occurs when a group of speakers shifts to a new dominant language while retaining certain features from their original language. The substratum can affect various aspects of the new language, such as vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation, or syntax. For example, when English developed in areas where Celtic languages were spoken, some Celtic features persisted in English as substratum influences. Analyzing substratum helps linguists understand language evolution and the impact of historical interactions between language communities.
同义词：
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基质, 基础
a base or surface that provides support for an organism to grow or attach
- The moss flourished on the moist substratum of the forest floor.
苔藓在森林地面潮湿的基质上繁茂生长。
- Barnacles often attach to the substratum of a ship's hull.
藤壶经常附着在船体的基质上。
- Scientists studied the effects of different types of substratum on plant growth.
科学家研究了不同类型的基质对植物生长的影响。
- The fungus spread quickly over the wooden substratum in the damp basement.
真菌在潮湿的地下室中迅速蔓延在木质的基质上。
- Seaweed clung to the rocky substratum along the shoreline.
海藻附着在海岸线沿线的岩石基质上。