Lesson 18

to remove some parts of a writing because it might offend people

Certain chapters were expurgated to make the novel more suitable for younger readers.

to remove something, often by erasing or crossing it out

The teacher asked the students to expunge the incorrect answers and write the correct ones.

the act of expelling or forcing someone to leave a particular place, especially a school

The student faced expulsion after violating the school's code of conduct.

information and statements that are mostly biased and false and are used to promote a political cause or leader

The regime used propaganda to control the narrative and maintain public support.

to spread widely, often through the sharing of information, ideas, or beliefs

The false rumor began to propagate rapidly throughout the community, causing unnecessary panic.

a natural inclination to behave in a certain way or exhibit particular characteristics

He has a propensity for taking risks, which makes him a successful entrepreneur.

the state of being near something or someone

The propinquity of their homes made it easy for them to spend time together frequently.

corresponding in every feature as in number, size, intensity, etc.

The punishment should be proportionate to the severity of the crime committed.

a narrow passage of water connecting two larger bodies of water, often linking two seas or an inlet with a larger expanse of water

The Strait of Gibraltar connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea.

very strict and traditional in opinion about morals

The church's strait-laced approach to discipline led to conflicts with more progressive members.

to shock or horrify someone, causing them to feel alarmed or deeply unpleasantly surprised

The graphic images of the accident appalled the witnesses, leaving them horrified.

to end or lessen a person's anger by giving in to their demands

The leader's decision to address the issues directly appeased the public's outrage.

(of a court or judge) possessing the power to make changes to a legal order

Lawyers prepared their arguments for the appellate judge's consideration.

to add something to the end of a piece of writing

She decided to append a note at the end of the report to clarify her conclusions.

having the quality of being appropriate or closely connected to the subject or situation at hand

Her apposite comment perfectly captured the mood of the meeting.

to carefully examine something and judge its value, often in terms of money or quality

The real estate agent will appraise the house to determine its market value.

someone who works for a skilled person for a specific period of time to learn their skills, usually earning a low income

Apprentices often do tasks under close supervision.

an accessory or addition to something more important

Modern smartphones often include numerous appurtenances, such as wireless earbuds and chargers.

to make a person do something through reasoning or other methods

The company used a compelling advertising campaign to persuade consumers to try their new product.

prone to be easily persuaded

He was so persuadable that he often changed his mind after hearing a few convincing arguments.