Lesson 40

taking place in a specific establishment

(biology) taking place inside one cell or more

a copy of something in a written form

to record spoken words, notes, or any information in a written form

As the professor spoke, students were required to transcribe key points from the lecture for their notes.

to cause the downfall of authority figures or rulers

The rebel group sought to subvert the ruling government.

a person who supports radical change through the overthrow of established political or social systems

The government arrested several suspected subversives after the protest.

the act of destroying someone's or a group's loyalty to a political or social group

to return somewhere from the same way that one has come

After realizing he forgot his keys, he had to retrace his steps back to the car.

to draw back from what was said publicly before; often by force

The politician had to retract his controversial statement after facing backlash.

the act of moving something or a part of something back to its previous place

to reduce the expenses of one's company by dismissing a number of employees from their job

Due to declining sales, the company decided to retrench several employees to reduce operational costs and stay afloat.

a notable feature or quality that defines or describes something

Her kindness is a characteristic everyone notices.

a compelling charm or attractiveness that inspires devotion and enthusiasm in others

His charisma made him a popular leader among his peers.

a huge and unexpected failure, usually due to a lack of a good plan

to reduce the intrinsic value or quality of something, especially currency, by decreasing the amount of valuable material it contains

In ancient times, rulers would debase coins by diluting the precious metal content to finance their expenditures.

the state of being feminine in physical or behavioral characteristics

(of a man) having feminine traits that are considered inappropriate for a man

a book made by folding large sheets of paper in halves

a plant or tree's branches and leaves collectively

The dense foliage provided a cool shade on a hot day.