Lesson 38

used to refer to thoughts or feelings kept private within the mind

She smiled politely, though inwardly she was frustrated by the delay.

to go somewhere or get involved in something without invitation

to give permission for entry

to gradually establish an idea, feeling, etc. in someone's mind

Parents aim to instill good manners in their children through consistent reminders and modeling polite behavior.

to boost the immunity system of a person or animal against a disease by vaccination

a passage through which air exits a mine

oriented at 90° to the horizontal plane

The upright tombstone leaned slightly after the storm.

to remove something, such as a plant or tree, by pulling it completely out of the ground

They uprooted the old tree to make space for a new playground.

the final outcome of a series of actions, events, or discussions

The upshot of the negotiations was a mutually beneficial agreement.

a gymnastic exercise performed starting from a position with the legs over the upper body and moving to an erect position by arching the back and swinging the legs out and down while forcing the chest upright

(of liquids) lacking in clarity for being mixed by other things such as sand or soil

The turbid river water was unsafe for swimming due to high sediment levels.

a state of extreme disturbance that causes a lot of worry and uncertainty

a disposition or behavior that is extremely immoral or wicked

The scandal revealed the turpitude of the politician's actions.

spanning to both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, typically between Europe and North America

Transatlantic trade between Europe and North America has a long history dating back centuries.

extending across a continent

to replace something, especially by force or through competition

The new software aims to supplant the outdated system currently in use.

provided to improve or enhance something that already exists

The teacher handed out supplementary worksheets to help students grasp the more challenging concepts.